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First draw a typical cartesian angle coordinate system with the voltage amplitude on the vertical axis and time on the horizontal. Now draw two complete sine waves varying in time. These complete waves repeat every 360 degrees which is every 1/60th of a second.(This is the picture that one always sees in basic physics books.) Draw these two sine waves so that they are in phase as regards time, but opposite in polarity at every instant. In other words, they are mirror images around the horizontal axis - one positive when the other is negative....and always crossing at zero amplitude. This is a picture of "220 single phase". If you think about it, either sine wave with regards to the horizontal axis (neutral or "ground") is a separate leg of household 110v as it repeats the pattern at 60 cycles/sec.
To draw three phase current take only one of the sine waves above (which repeats every 360 degrees), and draw another just like it every 120 degrees. So that three distinct waves (phases) can be seen where formerly there was only one.
Simply put: In single phase the separate legs have opposite polarity, but are in phase. In three phase the separate legs are 120 degrees out of phase from each other. Many other phases combinations are possible, and sometimes you may encounter a generating system that is different.
Enjoy! Roger "> Re: PTO Generator
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First draw a typical cartesian angle coordinate system with the voltage amplitude on the vertical axis and time on the horizontal. Now draw two complete sine waves varying in time. These complete waves repeat every 360 degrees which is every 1/60th of a second.(This is the picture that one always sees in basic physics books.) Draw these two sine waves so that they are in phase as regards time, but opposite in polarity at every instant. In other words, they are mirror images around the horizontal axis - one positive when the other is negative....and always crossing at zero amplitude. This is a picture of "220 single phase". If you think about it, either sine wave with regards to the horizontal axis (neutral or "ground") is a separate leg of household 110v as it repeats the pattern at 60 cycles/sec.